It is also notable that rates of further study are consistently higher for international graduates than for domestic graduates, across all levels of initial study. The further full-time study rate for undergraduates was around one third or 33.7 per cent compared with 21.1 per cent for domestic undergraduates; a difference of 12.6 percentage points. At postgraduate coursework level, 15.0 per cent of international graduates are in further full-time study compared with 7.6 per cent and for postgraduate research, 11.1 per cent compared with 6.8 per cent. Table 2 presents employment outcomes for international graduates disaggregated by whether the respondent was in Australia or overseas at time of survey. Across all study levels, full-time employment rates were higher for graduates who were living overseas at the time of the survey. There was less difference between the two groups in terms of overall employment and labour force participation rates. Caution should be used in interpreting these results, because as noted earlier, it is unknown how representative survey responses are in relation to current location of the graduate. There are also a substantial number of graduates for whom current location is unknown. Changes to the survey questionnaire are expected to reduce the latter problem in future years. Table 2 International graduate employment outcomes by residence at time of survey, 2021 (%) Undergraduate Postgraduate coursework Postgraduate research In Australia Overseas In Australia Overseas In Australia Overseas Full-time employment 41.6 52.8 41.4 62.0 62.8 82.7 Overall employed 67.2 57.3 72.4 66.7 81.9 85.8 Labour force participation rate 82.1 75.9 93.5 90.4 94.4 96.3 2.1 Time series Figure 1 shows trends in the full-time employment rate among domestic and international undergraduates. Employment improved among domestic undergraduates between 2016 and 2018 in line with the strengthening labour market before turning down slightly in 2019 as the labour market weakened. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated downturn in economic and labour market activities resulted in employment of domestic undergraduates declining further in 2020. With the easing of public health measures in early 2021 there was a slight recovery in the full-time employment rate among domestic undergraduates. The full-time employment rate among international undergraduates has declined from 51.5 per cent in 2016 to 43.0 per cent in 2021. As noted above, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been greater among international graduates than domestic graduates. The full-time employment rate among international undergraduates declined by 6.7 percentage points between 2019 and 2021 in comparison with a smaller decline of 3.3 percentage points among domestic undergraduates. Data on residence status at the time of the survey for international graduates is only available since 2018. This shows that the fall in employment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated decline in economic and labour market activities has been greater among international graduates residing overseas than among those continuing to reside in Australia. The fall in full-time employment rate among international undergraduates residing in Australia between 2019 and 2021 was 2.7 percentage points whereas this was much larger, 10.4 percentage points, among international undergraduates residing overseas. 2021 GOS International Report 4